Dc motor with speed and current closed loops, driven by. Basic components of an electric drives system classroom lecture slides notes pdf. Microprocessorbased adaptive control for electrical drives. This paper describes how microprocessor based controls can be used to produce low cost pneumatic servo drives which could find a wide range of application in manufacturing industries. Electric drives full notes, pdf, ebooks, all units. Microprocessorbased control of dc motors springerlink. Vector control, also called fieldoriented control foc, is a variablefrequency drive vfd control method in which the stator currents of a threephase ac electric motor are identified as two orthogonal components that can be visualized with a vector. Krishnan electronic control of machines develops a systematic approach to motor drives. Electrical drives are integral part of industrial and automation processes, particularly where precise control of speed of the motor is the prime requirement. Overview of industrial motor control systems tutorial maxim. Dc motor speed control using microprocessor technique intoduction.
Today a microprocessorbased control system is a fundamental component in many of the industrial control and automation applications. Microprocessor controlled ac and dc drives ppt computer. The basic procedure of feedback and feedforward cascade control system design is presented for the. In this experiment, you will be briefly introduced to the role of above mentioned four components in the dsp based electric drives system. Fast modelling techniques for microprocessorbased optimal. Microprocessor based motor control systems are commonly used in applications such as video cassette recorder vcr head motors, spindle motors for computer flexible disks, spindle motors for compact disks, motors for camcorder drive capstans, and tape drive capstans for tape drives for personal computers. Basic elements of electric drive,braking of induction motor, braking of synchronous motor,bridge rectifier circuit diagram with freewheeling. Abstract this paper presents a microprocessor based digital control system for a dc motor drive using the commonly. In general, the main task of the electric drive is the motion control of mechanisms.
For its implementation as an online adaptive controlsystem, the. With the cost of energy rising steadily, industry is focused on replacing inefficient constantspeed motors and drives with microprocessor based, variablespeed drives. May 19, 2018 microprocessor control of synchronous motor drives. Generalpurpose microprocessor used in general computer system and can be used by programmer for any application. Since the programs are in digital form, the controllers perform what is known as direct digital control ddc. A typical drive system is assembled with a electric motor may be several and a sophisticated control system that controls the rotation of the motor shaft. Unit iii microprocessor based control of electric drives 9hours microprocessors to control the firing schemes of link converters feeding in dc motors synchronous motors and other special machines microprocessor based control electric drives four quadrant dc drives using converters and choppers vsi and csi fed induction and. Guide to industrial motor control system maxim integrated. If you need this ebook you can download it free from here. This chapter is concerned with the principle, hardware and software implementations, and some processing techniques in inverterdriven ac motor systems which are controlled by microprocessors. Chapter 2 introduction to microprocessorbased control objectives after studying this chaptet you should be able to unalerstand what a microprocessor is. General arrangement of drives 45 voltage control d. Microprocessorbased fieldoriented control of a synchronous motor drive using a threephase solidstate sinusoidal current source by lokau.
Microprocessor control of dc motor drives ijireeice. One component defines the magnetic flux of the motor, the other the torque. This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of present microprocessor based digital energy monitors. Microprocessorbased overcurrent relays article pdf available in ieee transactions on industrial electronics ie331.
Us4450398a microprocessorbased efficiency optimization. Development of a microprocessor based control system for a. Pdf microprocessorbased controller design and simulation. Ee2403 special electrical machines a course material on. Thermal modeling, drives for specific applications, microprocessor based drive. The microcontroller is programmed using embedded c compiler and in specific mikroc pro to generate sine pulse width modulated spwm pulses which are used to drive hbridge. Microprocessor based controller design and simulation for a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive article pdf available in ieee transactions on industrial electronics ie354. An example of speed control of a dcmotor will be demonstrated. The developments in power electronics and lsi technology have made the microprocessorbased adjustable speed ac motor drives become promising. In this paper, the micrprocessor based control of dc motor is considered. Subrahmanyam vedam electric drives concepts and applications. The throttle position and the break is the input to the control system.
Chapter 2 introduction to microprocessor based control. Microprocessorbased traction control system for 25 kv ac. In this paper, a microprocessor based control system for a. A ceiling fan motor with regulator and also with blades, a food mixer with food to be processed, a motor and conveyer belt with material on its belt and so on. Abstract this paper presents a microprocessor based digital control system for a dc motor drive using the commonly used pi proportionalintegral controller and a relatively new ip integralproportional controller.
These are volts per hertz, sensorless vector control, flux vector control, and field oriented control. Srivastava control instrumentation division genesis of the project indian railways have a large variety of ac locomotives in their fleet. It consists of an electric motor motors, a transfer mechanism, an electrical energy converter, and a control system. It should be useful for both practicing engineers and students who are interested in learning the practical details of the implementation of microprocessor based control systems. Now days, this control can be done easily with the help of software. Sen department of electrical engineering, queens university, kingston, ontario, k7l 3n6, canada. Here the dc motor is controlled by the microprocessor 8085. He is a senior member of ieeeusa and a fellow of institute of electronics and telecom engineers iete, india.
Electrical drives, control, modeling, dc motor, permanentmagnet. Microprocessor based traction control system for 25 kv ac locomotives y. Traditionally, the controlled electrical drives were based on directcurrent dc motors and analog controllers. Basic concepts of microprocessors differences between. The tremendous progress in semiconductor technology has made solid state dc motor drives suitable for many practical applications. Fundamentals of electrical drive controls josko deur and danijel pavkovic university of zagreb, faculty of mechanical engineering and naval architecture, i. This paper is particularly concerned with the implementation of a proven pulsewidthmodulated p. Electric drives an integrated approach classroom notes lecture pdf. A microprocessor based control system for an electric vehicle. Electric circuit analogy 10 the airgap 11 reluctance and airgap flux densities 12. Pdf microprocessorbased controller design and simulation for.
Download pdf ebook on a first course on electrical drives by s. Pulse width modulated pwm drives rockwell automation. The ampl itude of the appl ied voltage is adjusted using the pwm technique. Rating and heating of electric drives, power loss, heating and cooling of motors, classes and duty and selection of motors, drives for specific application like steel, paper, textile mills control of electric drives microprocessor hardware and software for drive system. Pdf the speed control of a permanent magnet pm synchronous motor drive that is fed by a current hysteresiscontrolled voltagesource inverter is. Write plc program for this application using ladder language. The application of microprocessorbased adaptive control for electrical drives is investigated. The relative merits and demerits of both pi and ip controllers are evaluated and compared. In addition, all modern electric trains or locomotive systems have been powered by electrical drives. Module 1 electrical drives drives are systems employed for motion control require prime movers drives that employ electric motors as prime movers are known as electrical drives. Robot basics microprocessor control of electric motors. Quasisquarewave currentfed inverter drives suffer from lowspeed torque pulsations, which can cause mechanical resonances and speedripple problems. Electric motors and drives is intended for nonspecialist users of electric motors and drives, filling the gap between theory based academic textbooks and the more prosaic handbooks, which provide useful detail but little opportunity for the development of real insight and understanding.
Function of microprocessor in electric drive control, salt features of microprocessor control microprocessor based control scheme for d. Department of electrical engineering syllabus for m. The developments in power electronics and lsi technology have made the microprocessor based adjustable speed ac motor drives become promising. Elements of controlled electrical drive figure 1 shows the structural block diagram of a controlled electrical drive.
There are four basic types of control for ac drives today. Mar 04, 2020 in very simple words, the systems which control the motion of the electrical machines, are known as electrical drives. According to set point value, plc will control the drive speed and vfd drive finally controls the motor speed. An attempt has been made to obtain a balance between theory and practice, with emphasis on practical applications. An electric motor together with its control equipment and energy transmitting device forms an electric drives. Because of this microprocessor technique software based protection.
In the drive controller, the signal processors with inbuilt analoguedigital converters, timers, pulsewidth modulators and other devices, which. Of course, variable frequency drives vfds and ac motors are now offering an alternative to dc drives and motors, but there are many other applications where dc drives are extensively used including crane and hoists, elevators, spindle drives, winders, paper production machines, crushers, etc. In very simple words, the systems which control the motion of the electrical machines, are known as electrical drives. Us5442272a current limiting for dc electric motor startup. Memory interfacing in 8085 memory structure wait state.
It may employ any of the prime movers diesel engines, steam turbines and electric motors for supplying mechanical energy for motion control. Electrical drives and traction notes vssut smartzworld. They are an immediate solution for high power reversible drives and are becoming competitors to dc and induction motor drives. What are merits and demerits of microprocessor based drive. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrical engineering fundamentals of electrical drive controls josko deur and danijel pavkovic encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Variable speed drives employing microprocessor control of synchronous motor drives are becoming very popular in industrial applications.
This paper presents a microprocessor based digital control system for a dc motor drive using the commonly used pi proportionalintegral controller and a relatively new ip integralproportional controller. The plc has to give set point for vfd drive to control the motor speed, this can achieved either automatically from the plc or by the operator action from the hmi. Microprocessor based single phase speed control of. A microprocessor based control system has been developed and used to provide satisfactory control of a pneumatic servo system. The dc motor is very difficult to contr ol unlike the stepper motor, which can be controlled by giving the appropriate control word. Park introduction 157 adjustable speed ac motor drives 158 signal processing using a microprocessor and peripheral ics 162 ac motor drives with microprocessors 167 conclusion 180 references 180 chapter 9 microprocessor based nonlinear controller for the roll motion of a model aircraft n. A microprocessorbased control strategy for pwm inverters. The system which includes an electric machine, a power converter, based on semiconductor switches, and several control devices is known as an electric drive. The control system consists of a microcontroller with data connection interfaces, data channels data network, sensors and actuators. The memory interfacing in 8085 is used to access memory quite frequently to read instruction codes and data stored in memory. Dc motor speed control using microprocessor technique.
On application of fast frequency controlled electric drives fced for the turbocompressors of cross. The speed control method developed in this system is a combination of battery tapping, for control of the armature voltage, and pulse width modulation for field control. In control of electric vehicle, the control obje ctive is the torque of the driving machine. These monitors can aid customers to reduce their consumption ad cost of electrical energy. This new motor control technology will reduce energy consumption by more than 30% compared to the older drives. Systems employed for motion control are called as drives. In this paper is presented the design and implementation of a microprocessorbased computer system for the control and operation of a compression molding process system.
Microprocessor control of powerelectronic equipment offers the possibility of improvements in manufacture, reliability, maintenance and servicing and increased control flexibility. Motor speed control using vfd and plc programming ladder. Control techniques for electric drives, block diagram representation, transfer functions, transient response, frequency response and stability, compensating techniques. Lecture note on microprocessor and microcontroller theory and. Dc motor with speed and current closed loops, driven by etpu on mcf523x, rev.
Microcontroller microprocessor with builtin memory and ports and can be programmed for any generic control application. For its implementation as an online adaptive controlsystem, the recursive least squares algorithm for the online parameter identification was combined with a pole assignment procedure for the adaptive controller. In this work a simple method for gate control of a semiconverter circuit feeding a separately excited dc motor is presented which is used to vary the motor speed. Types of control ac drives that use pwm techniques have varying levels of performance based on control algorithms.
Voltshertz control is a basic control method, providing a. The synthesis of controller parameters is carried out by the. Model based predictive control of electric drives complete guide lecture classroom notes pdf. In this paper is presented the design and implementation of a. Electric drivesintroduction to electric drives module 1 dr. This microprocessor based system is designed with a new integrated circuit lmd 18200 which contains a fourquadrant switching circuit and onboard control logic. Electric motors consume almost 50% of the worlds electricity. Memory is an integral part of a microprocessor system, and in this section, we will discuss how to interface a memory device with the microprocessor. For both the motor speed control system and the positioning servo possible digital control laws are discussed. For its implementation as an online adaptive control system, the recursive least squares algorithm for the online parameter identification was combined with a pole assignment procedure for the adaptive controller.
The development of electric drives took place as the demand of control of electric motor drive system and industrial control existed. Microprocessor can directly control the plant digitally. Microprocessor control of dc motor drives researchgate. Microprocessor controlled ac and dc drives ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Pdf design of a microprocessorbased control system of a. A generalized structure of the electric drive is shown in fig. This book places emphasis on practice through the use of extensive modeling, simulation and analysis to help readers better understand the subject. Microcomputer a computer with a microprocessor as its cpu.
A microprocessor based control system can also be built where a phase controlled rectifier supplies a dc motor. Today about 60 % of the electric energy produced will be converted and used by electric drives of technological machines. Applying the feedback control techniques to electrical drives substantially improves their performance in terms of achieving precise and fast motion control servocontrol with a high efficiency. Recent developments in microprocessor based pwm control techniques offer the possibility of improving the lowspeed performance of cfi drives, thereby significantly extending their range of applications. It should be useful for both practicing engineers and students who are interested in learning the practical details of the implementation of microprocessorbased control systems.